SUN CORONA DRAWING FULL

CD4 + “helper” T cells play a central role as they differentiate into T helper type 1 (T H1) cells to stimulate phagocytes and cytotoxic CD8 + T cells and T follicular helper (T FH) cells to promote high-affinity and long-lived antibody responses by B cells in germinal center (GC) reactions. The adaptive immune system can provide strong and durable cellular and humoral immunity to viral infections, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), through coordinated T and B cell responses.

Our findings indicate that efficient early disease control also predicts favorable long-term adaptive immunity. Analysis of SARS-CoV-2–specific CD4 + T cells responses in a subset of individuals with sustained anti-S antibody responses after viral clearance also revealed an increased proportion of memory cT FH cells. Individuals who experienced a milder disease course not requiring hospitalization had a greater percentage of circulating T FH (cT FH) and T H1 cells among SARS-CoV-2–specific cells. Analyses of spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) epitope–specific CD4 + T cells using peptide and major histocompatibility complex class II (pMHCII) tetramers demonstrated expanded populations of T cells recognizing the different SARS-CoV-2 epitopes in most individuals compared with prepandemic controls. To better understand the role of these subsets in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) immunity, we conducted a longitudinal study of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–specific CD4 + T cell and antibody responses in convalescent individuals who seroconverted during the first wave of the pandemic in Boston, MA, USA, across a range of COVID-19 disease severities. (It doesn’t actually touch the Sun, of course-but it appears to as it begins to pass in front of the solar disk.CD4 + T cells are central to long-term immunity against viruses through the functions of T helper 1 (T H1) and T follicular helper (T FH) cell subsets. The eclipse begins at the moment the moon first “touches” the edge of the solar disk, approaching it from the right as seen from the Northern Hemisphere. But it’s there, as will become obvious at First Contact. You can’t see the moon as it approaches the Sun, because from Earth we’re seeing its dark side-the New Moon.

In 2016, we’re midway through the cycle, so the Sun is showing a medium number of sunspots. The Sun has an eleven-year cycle of sunspot activity. While you wait for the eclipse to begin, use safe viewing techniques to look for sunspots, slightly cooler areas on the sun (only 4,500 degrees Celsius!) that look dark compared to the blinding photosphere. The visible region of the Sun is called the photosphere.

SUN CORONA DRAWING FULL

Use safe viewing techniques to preserve your eyesight.īefore the eclipse begins, and after it ends, the full disk of the Sun burns in the sky. Remember: NEVER view any stage except totality with your naked eyes.

Sun corona drawing